Oskar Deutsch re-elected as IKG president with 95.7 percent

APA, Der Standard, January 11, 2023
German original: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000142499416/oskar-deutsch-mit-95-7-zum-ikg-praesidenten-wiedergewaehlt

Michael Galibov and Claudia Prutscher are now Vice Presidents of the Jewish Community.

Vienna - Oskar Deutsch has been re-elected as president of the Jewish Community Vienna (IKG). At the constituent meeting of the Kultusvorstand of the IKG on Wednesday, Deutsch, who has been in office since 2012, received 22 of 23 votes, as the Kultusgemeinde announced in the evening. Michael Galibov and Claudia Prutscher were elected as vice presidents.

Prutscher, who had already served as vice president, ran in the IKG election on Deutsch's ATID list, Galibov for the Association of Bukharan Jews. The newly constituted Kultusvorstand had been elected in November 2022. The ATID list was able to retain its eight seats on the 24-member board. The Sefardim Bukharian Jews (VBJ) were the second strongest grouping with seven seats.(APA, 11.1.2023)

The Preserver of Jewish History

ORF, December 26, 2022

German original: https://noe.orf.at/magazin/stories/3186998/

When the synagogue in St. Pölten was renovated for the first time in the 1980s, the Institute for Jewish History in Austria was founded in the renovated synagogue. Its director is herself an institution: Martha Keil has received several awards for her work.

The synagogue, a symbol of the flourishing Jewish life in St. Pölten before 1938, has been a construction site for weeks. For the second time, a fundamental renovation is on the agenda, which should result in the building becoming a much-visited venue - without giving up its Jewish "soul," Martha Keil emphasizes. She devoted her life to Judaism without being Jewish herself.

"It should remain a memorial and a place of remembrance. Even if people come here to listen to music. It must make those who enter the house think when they see the Torah shrine or the Hebrew characters. Then they automatically ask themselves: where is the Jewish community that prays here? And our task then is to give these people answers," Keil said in an interview with noe.ORF.at.

Task of fighting anti-Semitism

The answer: after the extermination by the Nazis, the Jewish community never returned. The synagogue was an empty shell before the Institute for Jewish History in Austria moved in at the end of the 1980s. Since 2004, this has been headed by Keil, a Viennese cultural historian who has devoted her life to the Jewish people and their culture.

Now 64, as a child she wanted to experience a kibbutz (a rural collective settlement) in Israel, which she followed through with. Nevertheless, she came to study Jewish Studies in Vienna rather by chance. The more she became involved with the people, the more she connected with it: "It was certainly not a religious reason to take up this profession. I'm not Jewish, even if many people think I am, because I know my way around. I am socialized, so to speak, with the people of this nation. And I see it as a socio-political task to fight against anti-Semitism. That's what drives me and will always drive me."

In order that murdered people are not forgotten

But it is by no means only the Shoah that is the focus of her research. If you ask her about her most important research work, she names the role of Jewish women in the Middle Ages. It is a comprehensive body of work, stored in numerous books, but above all in many boxes of research results in her new office in downtown St. Pölten. Because of the restoration, it was moved from the synagogue. Now she works there with eleven employees. Most recently, among other things, on a list of names.

These are the names of those people who were murdered by the National Socialists in Hofamt-Priel (district of Melk) in the last days of the war in 1945. Their bodies were moved to a mass grave in the Jewish cemetery in St. Pölten in 1964. Martha Keil’s team researched 228 names and immortalized them on a commemorative plaque: "I cannot bear it when people have no name in memory. Without sound research, remembrance remains hollow in a way, without a basis."

More and more requests for family research

After it was made possible by law for descendants of Jewish expellees to more easily obtain dual citizenship, inquiries to the institute are piling up. Many want to have their Jewish family history researched and documented. Hundreds of inquiries are received annually. The institute is in contact with 300 descendants from all over the world. When one of them comes to Austria, they often visit the Jewish cemetery in St. Pölten.

Then it is Martha Keil who unlocks the cemetery's fence gate. The inscriptions on the approximately 200 gravestones have long since been transcribed and archived. The city will now renovate the cemetery. Even if it is not her own story - Martha Keil is perhaps the most profound connoisseur of the Jewish people and their history in Austria.

Andreas Kranebitter Becomes New Head of the Documentation Archive

APA, Der Standard, December 21, 2022

German original: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000141998174/andreas-kranebitter-wird-neuer-leiter-des-dokumentationsarchivs

The sociologist and political scientist will take over the position on April 1, 2023. The previous head of the DÖW, Gerhard Baumgartner, is retiring.

Vienna - Andreas Kranebitter is to become the new director of the Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance (DÖW). The sociologist and political scientist succeeds Gerhard Baumgartner, who is retiring. He has led the DÖW since 2014. Kranebitter will take over as director on April 1, 2023. He is currently conducting research in the USA and beat out 18 competitors in an international call for applications.

"The Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance is a unique institution in Austria that links the historical examination of National Socialism with social science research and documentation of current right-wing extremist and anti-Semitic tendencies. I am looking forward to taking over the management of this tradition-rich institution and will devote myself to this task with all my strength and staying power," he was quoted as saying in a statement issued by the DÖW on Wednesday.

Kranebitter was born in Vienna in 1982. His final theses were awarded the Herbert Steiner Prize and the Irma Rosenberg Prize. As head of the research center at Mauthausen Concentration Camp, he was responsible for significant parts of the new exhibition at the memorial. Most recently, he served as head of the Archive for the History of Sociology in Austria at the University of Graz. Already in the past, he repeatedly worked together with the DÖW. (APA, 21.12.2022)

Shmuel Barzilai: The Tasks of a Jewish Cantor

December 19, 2022
German original: ORF (Austrian Broadcasting Corporation)

Shmuel Barzilai has been the head cantor of the Jewish Community (IKG) Vienna for 30 years. In an interview with religion.ORF.at, he talks about his duties as a prayer leader in the synagogue, his motivation and the importance of the Jewish Children's Choir.

Barzilai moved from Israel to Vienna in 1992 with his wife, the visual artist Dvora Barzilai, and the first three of his four children. As the senior cantor recounts, he liked the city from the very beginning: "I was very enthusiastic. The city is beautiful, the synagogue is great, not only because of the atmosphere and the acoustics." From the beginning, he says, he received a lot of support: "I knew exactly that people were behind me and what I was doing, and that gave me a lot of joy."

Barzilai comes from a well-known Jerusalem cantorial family. So his career choice came as no surprise: "When you grow up in a family like mine, music is already fixed in your mind." Still, as he realized at the School of Cantorial Music in Tel Aviv, there was a lot to learn. Traditionally, a Jewish cantor should not only have a good voice, but also a thorough knowledge of the liturgy. Today, Barzilai's repertoire is very large and includes not only liturgical cantorial music but also Jewish soul music, Hasidic and klezmer music, as well as Israeli songs, operas and classical vocal literature.

Tradition and renewal

As Barzilai tells it, from the very beginning of his work as head cantor, two things were especially important to him. He deliberately wanted to follow the tradition of the first head cantor, Salomon Sulzer, while at the same time appealing to more young people: "I was convinced that the task of the head cantor must be to win over the congregation." To do this, however, it was necessary to respond to people's needs in musical terms as well.

Barzilai decided to choose music where the congregation could sing along and not just passively listen. This can also be heard at the cantor concerts in Seitenstettengasse, which are among the annual fixtures of the IKG. On the occasion of his 30th anniversary in Vienna, the head cantor organized this year's concert together with Shai Abramson, head cantor of the Israel Defense Forces.

Jewish children's choir

One of Barzilai's special concerns from the beginning was the founding of the Jewish Children's Choir: "The Children's Choir brings a lot of joy to families because the whole family has begun to sing these melodies." As a result of the children's choir, he said, the congregation's repertoire has changed as well. But above all, the children themselves have gained, Barzilai says: "They are more confident on stage now. That helps them when they want to become, for example, a rabbi or a professor or whatever in the future."

In principle, the choir is open to all Jewish children between the ages of seven and 14, Barzilai says - including girls: "We rehearse mixed here in my office and perform mixed at concerts." At services in the synagogue, however, only the boys would perform because men and women pray separately in the Vienna City Temple.

Of course, there are girls who would also like to sing in the choir at the synagogue, Barzilai says, but this is not possible because of religious laws and traditions. "But they still like to come to rehearsal, they feel at home here, and if I manage to organize concerts, they come along to that, too," Barzilai says.

Building bridges as a task

Working in the synagogue is very important to Barzilai, and yet he sees it as only part of his job: "When I perform, as an Austrian who comes from Israel and was commissioned by the Austrian government, I try to bring people together as a bridge builder."

His performances on behalf of the Austrian Cultural Forum have taken him from Europe, to the USA, to Australia, New Zealand, Russia and Israel. Due to his commitment as a cantor and singer, Barzilai was awarded the "Golden Decoration of Honor for Services to the Republic of Austria" in 2017 and the "Golden Decoration of Merit of the State of Vienna" in 2018. As was emphasized in the tributes, for example by the then SPÖ Minister of Culture Thomas Drozda, Barzilai also "stands for the vibrant Jewish culture in Austria, which is part of Austria's cultural identity."

Performances every day for Hanukkah

A particularly intense time is the eight-day Hanukkah festival. Every year, Jews commemorate the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem over 2000 years ago. The eight Hanukkah candles are lit every day.

Barzilai performs every day during Hanukkah. He sings with the children's choir at the Mayor of Vienna on Monday. A cantorial concert will be held in Budapest on Tuesday. On Sunday, Hanukkah candles will be lit in downtown Vienna at the "Stick in the Iron" for the whole city, Barzilai tells us.

"Doing good"

Among the many tasks of a senior cantor, he says, is to foster togetherness in the Jewish community - no small task in Vienna, given the diversity of the Jewish community. Strictly observant Jews are just as much a part of the community as secular lifers.

"I try not to change anyone," says Barzilai: "Everyone with their direction, with their traditions is right. I accept everyone regardless of their faith and tradition." But it is also important to him, he said, that no one tries to change him. In his estimation, togetherness works: "We live very well together and try to do good." He wants to continue that in this way in the future, he said.

Irene Klissenbauer, religion.ORF.at

"Sieg Haider": 30 Years Ago the Jewish Cemetery in Eisenstadt was Desecrated

Der Standard, December 18, 2022

German original: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000141741578/sieg-haider-vor-30-jahren-wurde-der-juedische-friedhof-in

The act burst into a politically enormously charged time - Beforehand, the then leader of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ), Joerg Haider, announced an anti-foreigner petition for referendum.

The act caused worldwide disgust and headlines. On the night of October 31, 1992, two men daubed 88 gravestones at the Jewish cemetery in Eisenstadt. In addition to Stars of David, swastikas and SS runes, Nazi slogans and statements such as "Hitler many forget", "Jews out", "Sieg Heil", "Saujude" and "NSADP" were sprayed. On one gravestone, the perpetrators wrote "Sieg Haider", a tribute to the then FPÖ party leader Jörg Haider.

On a gravestone, the two men left a kind of confession letter, in which they called the "carcass sites" of the "monkeys" "intolerable". The letter ended with the sentence: "In this way we would like to send an Aryan greeting to our role model Jörg Haider. HEIL HAIDER Racial Socialist Aryan Resistance Movement (R.A.W.)."

Anti-Foreigner Referendum "Austria First”

In response, thousands demonstrated in Vienna against right-wing extremism and anti-Semitism. The act burst into a politically highly charged time. Haider constantly made headlines with his provocations and campaigns, in the then powerful daily newspaper Kronen Zeitung, for example, which supported the politician sympathetically. The highlight was the announcement of the anti-foreigner referendum "Austria First.”

Civil society actors reacted to this xenophobic campaign by founding the human rights organization SOS-Mitmensch. Only a few weeks after its founding, the sea of lights against the FPÖ referendum took place in January 1993. Up to 300,000 people took to the streets in Vienna and other Austrian cities to send a signal against racism. The referendum was supported by only 416,531 people and thus fell short of expectations.

Shortly thereafter, Heide Schmidt, then deputy party chairwoman, resigned from the FPÖ and founded the Liberal Forum with four other FPÖ mandataries. They no longer wanted to support Haider's course.

The FPÖ in the Role of the Victim

The FPÖ reacted to the desecration of the Jewish cemetery according to a tried and tested pattern. It condemned the act and made itself the victim. "Left-wing provocateurs" were behind the act in order to harm Haider, it was said at the time.

In fact, one of the perpetrators was investigated in 1996, and because of this he was legally sentenced to four years in prison by a Wiener Neustadt jury for Nazi re-enactment in the same year. "I only took part in order not to lose my only friend," he explained at the trial.

Perpetrators Were Active With the FPÖ

He and his friend were neo-Nazis and active with the FPÖ. However, the alleged main perpetrator, Wilhelm Christian A., was able to escape abroad after the arrest of his accomplice. In 2002, the Documentation Center of Austrian Resistance (DÖW) tracked down the man through his activities on the Internet. A. had absconded to South Africa, where he made a living as a casual laborer and ran a homepage. In 2003, he ended his escape and returned to Austria after being granted safe conduct on the instructions of the Ministry of Justice. A year later, he was sentenced to three years' unconditional imprisonment.

"Stimulatory Tactics of the FPÖ Against Foreigners"

It was already known beforehand that the two cemetery desecrators were active in the FPÖ. Former state secretary and FPÖ deputy Karl Schweitzer had once brought A. to the party’s youth organization RFJ and to the second place on the list in the municipal council election in Stadtschlaining. The accomplice was also active in the RFJ. At his trial, A. explained why the cemetery had been desecrated. According to the statement, the two perpetrators wanted to strengthen the FPÖ's "propaganda against foreigners" and gain "media attention." A. said that he had been a "member of the national camp" but not a "hardcore national socialist." The organization "RAW" (Racist Socialist Aryan Resistance) mentioned in the letter of confession had consisted only of him and his accomplice. The Jewish cemetery in Eisenstadt had been chosen as the location for the action because it was "very remote and without lighting." The fact that there were 88 graves that were desecrated was a "pure coincidence," said A. The number 88 is used in neo-Nazi circles as code for "Heil Hitler." (The eighth letter in the alphabet is H, 88 makes HH and stands for the Nazi salute).

Despite these obvious connections, the FPÖ stuck to its victim argument. The FPÖ politician at the time, Ewald Stadler, even claimed that A. had been deliberately infiltrated into the FPÖ by political opponents in order to harm it. An obviously far-fetched claim, which Stadler justified with the fact that A.'s father had been an ÖVP functionary.

In Court Because of alpen-donau.info

In 2011, A. hit the headlines again. He was arrested in the course of investigations into the neo-Nazi hate website alpen-donau.info, or "Adi" for short. The racist and anti-Semitic site was the mouthpiece of the far-right scene, advocating violence and threatening politicians and journalists. In 2014, in addition to A., neo-Nazi Gottfried Küssel and one of his closest companions were sentenced to prison.

In addition to A., however, other persons with (partly former) FPÖ backgrounds appear in the investigations surrounding the Alpen-Donau complex. Two of them were employees in the Freedom Party parliamentary club and participated in events advertised on "alpen-donau.info". Another was an RFJ functionary in Villach, Carinthia. His father worked for the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Counterterrorism until 2010, as the newspaper "Die Presse" wrote. And an FPÖ member of parliament supplied "alpen-donau.info" with material.

At the Cradle of the Identitarians

The investigations against those behind the website were at the cradle of a new grouping that first appeared in Austria in 2012. A companion of Küssel broke new ground and has since become the mastermind and face of the Identitarians: Martin Sellner. (Markus Sulzbacher, 12/18/2022)

Austrian Armed Forces’ cooperation with Mauthausen Memorial extended

ORF, December 12, 2022

German original: https://steiermark.orf.at/stories/3186054/

On the occasion of Human Rights Day on December 10, the cooperation agreement between the Austrian Armed Forces and the Mauthausen Memorial, which has been in place since 2021, was extended by five years. The agreement was signed on Monday.

Defense Minister Klaudia Tanner (ÖVP) and the director of the Mauthausen Memorial, Barbara Glück, signed the agreement on Monday during the annual commemoration ceremony at the Belgier Barracks in Graz.

Creating historical awareness

"The struggle for human rights - that is seen currently as it has not been for decades - never ends. The events of the dark period of Nazi terror must never be forgotten," Tanner said in her speech.

The cooperation with the Mauthausen Memorial is intended to create historical awareness, especially among basic and cadre soldiers in training and further education: "This cooperation is an important contribution to the national and European strategy against anti-Semitism, racism, and totalitarianism. Historical sites are actively included in the training of our soldiers in order to remember, raise historical awareness, and strengthen democratic values," she explained.

Content is constantly being developed

To this end, the National Defense Academy, the Theresian Military Academy, the Army NCO Academy and individual units of the Austrian Armed Forces will also be involved. The contents of the agreement are in a state of constant development. Basic military personnel are to visit places of remembrance and receive all important information related to them, the defense minister told APA. Director Glück also emphasized the importance of the cooperation: "Educational work is the most sustainable form of commemoration of our time."

Memorial grove

The memorial grove in the Belgian Barracks was chosen as the location for the signing of the contract. In a research project at the University of Graz commissioned by the Federal Ministry of Defense and Sports in 2008, the crimes of the "SS Barracks Wetzelsdorf" were reassessed. After completion of the project in 2011, the memorial grove was erected in the Belgians' Barracks. More than 200 people were murdered there in 1945 by the Gestapo and Waffen-SS and subsequently buried in bomb craters inside the barracks and in a mass grave at the nearby Feliferhof. Those murdered were various groups of victims, including Hungarian Jewish forced laborers on the death marches to the Mauthausen concentration camp, prisoners of war, and Austrian resistance fighters. The persons involved in the crime were never prosecuted.

"Space for remembrance"

Today, the Feliferhof is still used as a firing range by the Austrian Army. "It is important that one is also always aware of this historical responsibility, not only when it comes to the question of the use of it, but also creates an appropriate space for commemoration," Tanner said in an APA interview. The memorial sites of the Belgier barracks and the Feliferhof are not open to the public, but can be visited on selected days, for example during a performance show.

People & Powers: Ruth Maier-the Anne Frank of Austria

ORF, December 7, 2022

German original: https://tv.orf.at/program/orf2/menschenma176.html

Martina Ebm reads from Ruth Maier's diaries in new documentary

Her diaries are part of UNESCO's “Memory of the World” documentary heritage. In her native Austria, however, she is hardly known: Ruth Maier, born into a Jewish family in Vienna in 1920, meticulously wrote diaries - about her private situation, but also about political developments in Austria before and after the invasion of German troops. She also wrote about her flight to Norway in 1939 and her time as a stranger and refugee. The entries end only shortly before her deportation to Auschwitz, where she was gassed on December 1, 1942. These are subtle and analytical observations of an extraordinarily sensitive and gifted young woman. It is no coincidence that Ruth Maier is often called the "Anne Frank of Austria" today.

Robert Gokl, creator of the "Menschen & Mächte" (People and Powers) documentary "Ruth Maier - die Anne Frank von Österreich" (Ruth Maier - the Anne Frank of Austria) followed Ruth Maier's path through Vienna and Norway. He and his camera team were accompanied by the well-known actress Martina Ebm, who reads from Ruth Maier's diaries. Ebm captures with a high level of acting sensitivity those moods that Ruth put down on paper.

Robert Gokl: "Her dedication, her team spirit and her intensive study of Ruth Maier's diaries have made Martina Ebm a stroke of luck for this documentary."

Martina Ebm: "I can easily put myself in Ruth Maier's place as a teenager, because I too was passionate about writing diaries at that age. The deep pain and loneliness as a result of her flight to Norway, which permeate the later diaries, I can only imagine as someone born later. Ruth lost everything that was dear to her in Vienna, while I live in safety. And in the end Ruth lost the most precious thing, her life. Her parting words reveal that she knows what is in store for her. This film gives voice to one who has been silenced. We must not stop dealing with the crimes of the Nazi regime, because they make us realize that we must act courageously where injustice occurs."

"I see the diary as if it were my friend."

From the age of twelve, Ruth Maier shared everything that concerned her with this friend, privately in her development from schoolgirl to adult woman, politically in her critical view of political and social developments, beginning with the civil war in Austria in February 1934.

Ruth's father was a social democrat and trade union official, so her political stance was left-wing from her youth. Her Jewish background, on the other hand, had no significance in the family, especially not a religious one. Only the invasion of German troops in March 1938 and the subsequent violence against Jews, including a pogrom in November 1938, changed that: "Yesterday was the most horrible day I have ever experienced!" she writes one day after her 18th birthday. It is November 10, 1938, the day of the November pogrom. And: "I am becoming a conscious Jew. I feel it. I can't help it."

Escape to "foreign Norway" for the time being

Already too old for a place on a Kindertransport, Ruth Maier is lucky enough to be able to flee to a host family in Norway in January 1939. There she wants to take her school-leaving exams and then continue on to her family, which has been able to flee to England. But one month before the Matura, the Wehrmacht marches into Norway. Ruth notes in her diary: "Now again. No difference. I am alone."

As a Jewish refugee, Ruth Maier is able to live without restrictions and self-determined, at least initially, even under German occupation. She does not experience violent and murderous anti-Semitism among the Norwegian population as she did in Vienna.

She secures her livelihood by volunteering for labor service several times. In one of these camps she meets Gunvor Hofmo, whose family has joined the communist resistance. The two young women fall in love and begin a relationship that lasts until Ruth Maier's deportation.

Ruth is arrested at the end of November 1942

In the port of Oslo, Ruth Maier is able to smuggle one last message to Gunvor Hofmo from the deportation ship "Donau": "I believe that it is good the way it has come. Why should we not suffer when there is so much suffering? Do not worry about me. I might not want to change places with you."

After Ruth Maier's murder, her diaries remained with Gunvor Hofmo and unknown to the public for more than half a century. Hofmo did become an important Norwegian writer after World War II, but her attempts to publish the diaries failed.

After Hofmo's death in 1997, Norwegian writer Jan Erik Vold found them in her estate and published them in 2007, and to date they have been published worldwide in more than ten languages. The impact of Ruth Maier's depiction of Norwegian society between collaboration with and resistance against the Nazi occupation was so lasting that, on Norwegian initiative, her diaries have been part of the World Document Heritage since 2014.

"Ruth Maier - the Anne Frank of Austria" was produced by ORF and sponsored by VGR (Verwertungsgesellschaft Rundfunk).

Exhibition at the Jewish Museum: Yentl, the Nanny and the Hitler Carpet

Der Standard, November 29, 2022

German original: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000141338835/yentl-die-nanny-und-der-hitler-teppich

Exhibition "100 Misconceptions about and among Jews" uses humor to dispel clichés and prejudices. New director Staudinger: "Museum is a political place".

Colette M. Schmidt

"Hi Jewboy," it calls out to you in red letters painted on a light blue rectangle. It is one of several paintings by American artist Cary Leibowitz on view in the exhibition 100 Misunderstandings About and Among Jews at the Jewish Museum Vienna. And it points out one of the many misunderstandings right at the beginning of the show: Jew is not a swear word, you don't have to describe it as "Jewish fellow citizens," you can simply call Jews by their names.

Wit with depth

In the exhibition, the new director of the house, Barbara Staudinger, together with her team around chief curator Hannes Sulzenbacher, gets to the heart of the matter with a lot of wit and depth, and also begins to sweep at her own door. The name of the building in Dorotheergasse, Palais Eskeles, is not a historical one, but an art name once invented by the museum to recall Jewish salons. However, the family of the same name owned the house only briefly.

Jewish museums in particular, one learns in the exhibition, have solidified many of the common clichés about Judaism right up to the present. Philosemites, those people who automatically classify everything that is Jewish as special and good, are also taken for a ride here.

No, not all Jews are intellectuals and artists, no, Yentl was not a documentary about an eastern Polish shtetl, but a Hollywood ham. Andy Warhol's portraits of intellectuals such as Franz Kafka, Sigmund Freud or Albert Einstein illustrate this, as does a station about the legendary film with Barbra Streisand and its reception.

Staudinger wants to open the house to a discourse that is not afraid to look behind clichés. "For us, a museum is a political place," Staudinger says. There will also be regular debate evenings at the museum.

Faux leopard skin

But back to the exhibit. Religious myths, such as the various messiahs that have appeared throughout history, are discussed, as are pop culture figures who have shaped the public image: An original costume with short skirt and faux leopard skin by Fran "The Nanny" Drescher can be found, as well as the original baseball bat from Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds. The latter leans, not coincidentally, in a corner with artworks that deal with the involuntary victimhood of Jews since the Shoah. A neon sign on the wall reads "Endsieger sind trotzdem wir" - the work by Sophie Lillie and Arye Wachsmuth uses the Nazi word "Endsieg" on the one hand, while on the other it plays with a quote by the artist Heinrich Sussmann, who also meant his own survival in the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Hitler as bedside rug

Beneath the illuminated lettering lies a graying Hitler as a fireside rug. Hitler Rug is the name of this work by Boaz Arad, who died in 2018. Here, too, a misunderstanding is to be cleared up: The biblical quote "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" does not call for revenge; it is meant to limit damage.

Anyone who wants to know more about misconceptions, for example about Jewish sexuality, circumcision, the Mossad or ritual murders, should visit the exhibition. If you don't have a Jewish granny yourself, you can at least have your picture taken for a selfie with a Jewish background: either in front of a family photo wallpaper, a Hakoah team or migrants on a ship off New York.

Is Everything Jewish Sad?

Die Presse, November 28, 2022

German original: https://www.diepresse.com/6221211/ist-alles-juedische-traurig

Is everything Jewish sad? The Jewish Museum Vienna is clearing up 100 misconceptions with an exhibition.

He was not yet 20 years old, but already an international pop star, when Justin Bieber visited the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam in 2013. Like many others, he signed the guest book. His entry, however, led to an outcry of indignation in the media at the time: "It was really inspiring to be able to be here. Anne was a great girl. Hopefully she would have been a Belieber ( note "Bieber fan")." The unanimous criticism of it: indecent, tasteless, tactless had been this entry.

In contrast, pop colleague Beyoncé's visit the following year was exemplary: she appeared in an inexpensive and understated pantsuit, wrote a respectful message in the guestbook and disappeared with her family without much media hype. She posted only one photo of her and her outfit at the Anne Frank House on Instagram. 45 minutes later, the suit from Topshop was sold out. So she had done everything right, showing the public how to behave as a celebrity in a memorial.

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"It's not only prejudices that make it difficult for majority and minority societies - in this case, non-Jews and Jews - to live together, it's also kitsch, romanticizations and misunderstandings that stand in the way of our togetherness," says Hannes Sulzenbacher, chief curator of the Jewish Museum of the City of Vienna, describing the starting point of the exhibition "100 Misconceptions About and Among Jews." One of these collective misconceptions is that "remembrance of the Holocaust must be discreet." This misconception is reified in the context of the exhibition by means of a work by the English artist Simon Fujiwara, "What Beyoncé wore to the Anne Frank House," for which he made a replica of the infamous pantsuit.

"The reception of these celebrity visits was no longer about Anne Frank or memorial culture, it was about perfect self-dramatization. About what I must wear and what is proper when I visit a memorial," Sulzenbacher says. A drumbeat. The exhibition, which will be on view beginning in late November, will also set the new tone for the museum's programming. Barbara Staudinger took over as director of the museum in July, and Hannes Sulzenbacher also took up his position as chief curator with her. "We are starting with a loud, provocative and cheeky exhibition that should also be noticed," says Sulzenbacher. The two came up with the concept and idea together, and the entire eight-person team at the museum curated it.

"Even clichés that are well-meaning make a conversation at eye level almost impossible. Many people don't even dare to refer to Jews as such any more, and they switch to 'Jewish people'. In the end, they remain only a projection surface, not a normal counterpart, always a "non-us, something foreign," according to Sulzenbacher. The Jewish Museum is now presenting an exhibition with a great deal of humor, irony and parodic elements, which is intended to challenge stereotypes. In a joint brainstorming session, the curating team collected a list of 100 misconceptions that Jewish people encounter in everyday life.

For example, "All Jews are smart thinkers or Nobel Prize winners," "As victims of discrimination and expulsion, Jews are better people," or "Everything Jewish is sad." Each thought is hung on a work of art, a historical object or simply "junk." The loans come from museums and private collections in Israel, the USA and Europe.

Ambiguous symbolism

One does not shy away from laughing at oneself. This can be seen particularly well in a cast-iron stove exhibited under the misconception that "the hexagram is an exclusively Jewish symbol". Historically, the Star of David was linked to the Jewish religion only very late, earlier it was also a symbol that was supposed to provide protection against demons; the South German brewers of the Middle Ages, in turn, used it as a guild sign.

The exhibited stove has the symbol engraved on its front and has been exhibited twice in the past in this museum as a Jewish object. Now, however, it turned out that although the stove comes from a prominent address in Leopoldstadt, the hexagram in this case was meant to represent a magical sign of protection against fire, not a religious symbol. "For me, this is an important point: we are part of this narrative.

Jews and Jewish museums in particular often contribute to perpetuating clichés and romanticization," says Sulzenbacher.

The exhibition is intended for all those who also want to have something to laugh about in a Jewish museum. By no means, however, should that mean that future exhibitions can't strike a more serious tone. "I see the mission of this museum as intervening in society with its themes and taking up political issues of the present day; at least that is my professional motivation," says Sulzenbacher. So the program preview can be awaited with excitement.

Info

"100 Misconceptions About and Among Jews." The exhibition opens on November 30 at the Jewish Museum Vienna.

Deutsch Holds Mandates in the IKG Vienna

Tiroler Tageszeitung, November 26, 2022
German original: https://www.tt.com/artikel/30838726/deutsch-haelt-mandate-in-der-ikg-wien

The Jewish Community (IKG) Vienna elected its new board on Sunday. The ATID list of incumbent president Oskar Deutsch was able to retain its eight mandates in the 24-member body. In second place is the grouping Sefardim-Bucharic Jews (VBJ), which now holds seven seats with an increase of one mandate.

There are around 5,500 Jews eligible to vote in the IKG Vienna, and 3,308 votes were ultimately cast. The elections took place on three days in November, the main election day was Sunday. The religious group Kehille also gained one mandate, while the List Chaj - Jewish Life of ÖVP National Council member Martin Engelberg and the Orthodox List Khal Israel each lost one mandate.

Board elections are held every five years at the IKG Vienna, most recently on Nov. 19, 2017, when ATID received eight mandates; at the constituent meeting of the board, Deutsch, who formed a coalition with four other lists, came in with 22 votes.

Number of anti-Semitic Incidents Down Significantly

APA, Wiener Zeitung, November 3, 2022

German original: https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/chronik/oesterreich/2166712-Zahl-antisemitischer-Vorfaelle-deutlich-gesunken.html

From January 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022, a total of 381 anti-Semitic incidents were reported to the Anti-Semitism Reporting Office of the Jewish Community Vienna (IKG). Compared to the same period of the previous year (562), this is a decrease of 32 percent. This decrease is mainly due to the decrease in anti-Semitic incidents related to Corona, according to a report published on Thursday. A higher number of unreported cases can be assumed.

At 219 reports, the majority of incidents involved "hurtful behavior," followed by 82 mass letters, 61 reports of property damage, 12 threats and seven attacks. Most incidents were reported in January (91), after which the number dropped to between 50 and 60 reports per month. The number flared up again in May (72) which the report said was due to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

Of the 381 reported incidents, 66 were related to the Covid 19 pandemic. Ninety-six involved Shoah relativization, 123 times Israel-related anti-Semitism, and 56 times anti-Semitic conspiracy myths prompted a report to the ICG.

More right-wing than left-wing incidents

316 cases could be clearly assigned ideologically, according to the report. More than half (201) of the incidents had come from the political right, 81 from the "left," and 34 were "Muslim." Muslim-motivated perpetrators predominated, especially in the case of attacks and threats, while discrimination from the right prevailed in the case of damage to property and hurtful behavior.

"The decrease in the total number of reported incidents is encouraging. However, a closer look reveals particular problems, as the number of threats and physical assaults remains at the high level of the previous year. However, we now see that the center of society is taking the threat of anti-Semitism seriously and is providing important impetus to reverse the trend. Therefore, we will continue to work with all partners in civil society, authorities and politics to further push back anti-Semitism in Austria," commented IKG President Oskar Deutsch on the report.

Benjamin Nägele, Head of the Reporting Office and Secretary General of the IKG Vienna, assesses the lower number of reported attacks as a result of political measures. However, the overrepresentation of verbal and physical assaults against - as Jewish recognizable - children and young people is still conspicuous and disturbing. (apa)

Memorial March "Light of Hope": Lights against Forgetting

ORF (online), November 7, 2022

With "Lights of Hope" the November pogroms will be commemorated on Wednesday evening in the center of Vienna. The "Light of Hope" commemorative march has been organized since 2012 by the Youth Commission of the Jewish Community (IKG) Vienna.

The Lights of Hope are the centerpiece of the commemorative march, to which the Jewish youth, invites all interested people - Jewish or not, young or old - to remember the victims of National Socialism. The words "never forget" are at the heart of the event.

The young generation wants to show how important it is to maintain the chain of generations, according to the statement on the website of the IKG Vienna. The commemoration of the Nazi era and its victims is not only part of Jewish culture, but a task and responsibility of the entire civil society.

With the destruction of Jewish synagogues and houses organized by the Nazi regime throughout the German Reich, as well as the mistreatment of countless Jewish fellow human beings, those atrocities began in 1938 that ultimately led to the murder and extermination of the Jews in Europe.

Public Event to Set an Example

"Light of Hope" began as an internal event of the Jewish community of Vienna and has grown in recent years, according to the IKG Vienna. In 2016, it was decided to open the commemorative march and subsequent rally to the public for the first time, it said.

The reason for this was NS-glorifying and anti-Semitic postings by functionaries of the ÖVP-affiliated (ÖVP – Austrian People’s Party) action group at the Vienna Juridicum. In the course of the ÖH (ÖH - Austrian Students’ Association) election campaign in 2017, it became known that such postings were shared in Whatsapp and Facebook groups. As a result, the Dean of the Juridicum, Paul Oberhammer, and the Rector of the University of Vienna, Heinz Engl, took part in the "Light of Hope" rally to send a signal against anti-Semitism at the Juridicum.

Growing Interest

Since participation in the memorial march has been open to all, the IKG Vienna has recorded growing participation and greater media interest. In the commemorative year 2018, the march counted about 2,500 participants.

In 2020 and 2021, the Light of Hope march had to take place virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This year, the commemorative march will be celebrated in-person as usual. It will start at 19:00 at Heldenplatz, at the entrance to the "House of History". The final rally of the memorial march will be held at Judenplatz.

Kaddish in Salzburg

In Salzburg, commemorative ceremonies will be held on Wednesday at 6 p.m. at the Alter Markt and at 7 p.m. at the Kollegienkirche. Jewish and Christian believers will gather there for a Kaddish (a prayer of remembrance). Pupils, students, artists, and teaching staff are also expected to join in an interfaith fellowship to give a face to the memory of the living and the dead, according to a release from the Catholic University Community of Salzburg.

How Jewish is Graz?

November 11, 2022

Wiener Zeitung (online), October 27, 2022

German original: https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/kultur/kunst/2166279-Wie-juedisch-ist-Graz.html

An exhibition at the Graz Museum focuses on the diversity of Jewish life.

There is no kosher store and no kosher restaurant in Graz. In contrast to Vienna, where there are shopping facilities, a vital Jewish life and practiced Jewish culture, National Socialism permanently decimated the Jewish community in Graz to such an extent that it is only noticeable if you are interested in it.

A separate exhibition at the Graz Museum, which focuses on Jewish life from the Middle Ages to the present, aims to change that. The exhibition "Jewish Life in Graz" was created at the request of the Jewish Community and in exchange with Jewish people living in Graz or connected to the city. It is an exhibition to be touched, emphasize those responsible, whose wish to bring all Graz schoolchildren in the seventh and eighth grades to the show by summer 2023 can be described as commendably ambitious.

The Dreidel

One of the things you can touch is a dreidel, which can be used to guide you through the first room. The dreidel is a kind of spinning top that comes to rest on one of four sides. Each of these four sides represents a possible answer to questions posed in one of the exhibition rooms. Thus the answer to the question: "How does the kippah stay on the head?" is: "With the fixing band" - or also "by itself". As an instrument of a deliberately dialogical exhibition, the Dreidel also invites visitors to ask their own questions and make their own comments. Joyful knowledge gain is inevitable.

It is important to the exhibition designers, above all curator Martina Zerovnik, not to present Jews passively, but as active agents. Nevertheless, the horror that National Socialism brought upon Jewry cannot be left out. A room with the names of Aryanized businesses written all over its walls is a reminder of the massive injustice committed. However, Jewish history should not be presented as a story of suffering. The Shoah is not the end of Jewish history, according to Gerald Lamprecht of the Center for Jewish Studies, who is responsible for the scientific support of the exhibit. Even though only a few Jews returned to Graz after World War II and restitutions of their property were made difficult or impossible, today there is a diverse, small community of about 100 people.

Exemplary for the relationship between them and the majority society is the Jewish cemetery in the district of Wetzelsdorf, which was recently completely renovated. It is only accessible by appointment. The fear of anti-Semitic vandalism is too great. Jews living in Graz today report on this and other aspects on video screens: "She didn't want to raise her son Jewish, because another Hitler could come," one interviewee says about his mother. Antony Scholz, former vice president of the Styrian religious community, is even more direct: "No Jew in Graz today would walk across Griesplatz wearing a kippa." This reverberates and makes one concerned.

Salvaging Brick

A symbol of confidence and community, on the other hand, is the story of how the new Graz synagogue came to be, which was completed in 2000. After the original building was destroyed in 1938, the bricks were later piled up in a garage. In a wonderful project by Kulturvermittlung Steiermark, after this garage was demolished, over 9,000 bricks were salvaged, cleaned and recycled for the new building together with schoolchildren. This also reverberates, but in a more hopeful manner.

Claudia Beiser, a Graz resident and descendant of the Zerkowitz family of master builders, to whom Graz owes the Margaretenbad, among other things, praises the pleasant collaboration with the curators. Her family is one of those affected by Aryanization and murder and is portrayed in the exhibition. Does she perceive Jewish life in Graz? "Not really." It would be nice if the exhibition at the Graz Museum would help change that permanently.

Color, Landscape, Atmosphere

wina: Das Jüdische Stadtmagazin (online), July 2022
German original: https://www.wina-magazin.at/farbe-landschaft-atmosphaere/

Kunsthalle Krems is exhibiting paintings and drawings by Helen Frankenthaler, one of the most important representatives of American abstract expressionism.

They are fine webs on paper and powerful paintings. Concrete objects, places, and people are not often found in the works of Helen Frankenthaler. But her abstract color compositions always suggest landscapes, give the feeling of sun, heat and flickering air, and lead viewers of her paintings into other worlds, usually with a positive mood. Hardly ever does it become gloomy or crude.

Florian Steininger, artistic director of the Kunsthalle Krems and curator of the exhibition, began preparing the Frankenthal show three years ago. He himself had already been intensively involved with the American abstract expressionists during his studies, and one can see his joy at having succeeded in bringing more than 70 of Frankenthaler's works to Krems.

"Her work has very rarely been shown comprehensively in German-speaking countries," the Austrian art historian tells us. It is also hardly represented in European museums and collections. Only one large painting can be found in Vienna's Museum of Modern Art - and now forms the finale of the exhibition in Krems. In addition, there is a small work from the private collection of an Austrian collector. The main lender and cooperation partner of the exhibition is the Helen Frankenthaler Foundation in New York, says Steiniger, who curated the show - a cooperation with the Museum Folkwang in Essen, which will show an almost identical selection of works under the same title starting at the end of the year.

Who was Helen Frankenthaler?

She was born in New York in 1928 into a liberal Jewish upper-middle-class family. Her father, Alfred Frankenthaler, served as a judge on the New York State Supreme Court; her mother, a Löwenstein by birth, had come to the United States from Germany with her family as a young child. The family lived on the elegant Upper East Side, and Helen was able to study, as were her two sisters.

She first graduated from a so-called prep school for wealthy children in New York, the Dalton School, and then attended Bennington College in Vermont, where she studied painting. She continued painting after graduation with private lessons, including from Hans Hofmann. In Krems, one can see a very early work by the young artist, obviously in the tradition of Pablo Picasso and George Braque.

But then she turned to other models and currents. It was above all Jackson Pollock who influenced her with his large-format abstract drip paintings; she visited him repeatedly in his studio. And she was already represented in the spring of 1951 at a major exhibition, the 9th St. Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, which is considered the founding exhibition of New York abstract expressionism and which consisted of 61 male artists and only eleven female artists. For the 23-year-old, it was a significant step to be able to be there, alongside Lee Krasner, the wife of Jackson Pollock, for example.

At the time, she was also finding her style. Curator Steininger explains: "In 1952, Frankenthaler created her revolutionary, large-format soak stain paintings. For these, she spreads untreated canvases on the floor and then applies diluted oil paint with a variety of tools: poured directly from paint cans, with brushes, sponges, mops or other means." In doing so, she also moves directly into the painting, thus already coming close to action painting.

Oil painting with charcoal strokes. One of her most famous works dates from 1952: the oil painting with charcoal strokes Mountains and Sea in pastel colors. It shows neither concrete mountains nor the sea and fascinates thanks to its powerful dynamics. In 1955, the first work by Frankenthaler was purchased by the Museum of Modern Art.

Privately, she was involved with the well-known art critic Clement Greenberg during those years; he was considered a specialist among the abstract expressionists. After their separation, she married the painter Robert Motherwell; the couple divorced in the early 1970s.

Frankenthaler, who died in 2011, remained true to her basic painting style, but repeatedly changed her perspectives and emphases. For example, one finds a phase of strictly horizontally structured abstract paintings that nevertheless recall landscapes. "She has said that she also plays with chance, she experiments on paper, and then later translates that into large paintings," Steininger explains.

To his regret, he never met her in person, "but you know she was a strong personality, very self-confident." The emotionally presented works by Helen Frankenthaler are complemented by a black-and-white photo series by the Vienna-born Magnum photographer Ernst Haas, who was allowed to accompany her while she was at work in her studio in 1969. The height of tension, then thoughtfulness, and finally physical commitment when bending over large canvases-all this is freshly transported through decades into today and brought back to artistic life [by the exhibition].

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Memorial plaque for victims of the Shoa from Sommerein

Niederösterreiche Nachrichten (NÖN), August 3, 2022
German original: https://www.noen.at/bruck/erinnerungskultur-gedenktafel-fuer-opfer-der-shoa-aus-sommerein-sommerein-shoa-gedenktafel-ava-pelnoecker-steve-reindler-rosa-reindler-wolf-reindler-print-331179151

The descendants of a Sommereinian [Sommerein, a town in Lower Austria] refugee were visiting.

The hobby historian Ava Pelnöcker expected special guests in Sommerein last Wednesday: Steve Reindler (69) had come from New Zealand with his wife Lynn for the first time to visit the village from which his great-aunt Rosa and her brother Heinrich had been expelled in 1938.

In the presence of Christine Besser, the chairwoman of the local village renewal and beautification association, which supported the project financially, Steve Reindler unveiled a memorial plaque, which now commemorates the two victims of the Shoa in front of the Sommerein church. Visibly moved, Steve Reindler thanked Ava Pelnöcker, who had reconstructed the fate of his family members, which had been forgotten here [in Sommerein], on the basis of documents and contemporary witnesses, including their elementary school teacher Johanna Frast (95). "I am very happy that we can pay a bit of tribute to the Reindler family, which they deserved," said Pelnöcker.

About the history of the Reindler family: Wolf Reindler, a Jewish businessman from Vienna, purchased the house at No. 41 (today Markt 23) in 1860, where daughter Rosa (born in 1877) and son Heinrich (born in 1896) continued the family general store after the death of their father.

Following the Anschluss [annexation by Hitlerite Germany] of Austria in 1938, the situation for Austria’s Jewish citizens came to a head. That same year, the GESTAPO ordered the immediate closure of the grocery store. While the nephews Wilhelm and Ludwig Reindler succeeded in emigrating to New Zealand in 1939 despite adversities, the sale of the Sommereiner house was delayed in the course of the annexation of the village to a military training area.

Rosa was not allowed to use the proceeds from the sale for emigration and was deported to the Riga ghetto in February 1942 and murdered the following year, presumably in the Kaiserwald concentration camp.

The proceeds from the sale of the house were confiscated by the Nazi administration. Heinrich was imprisoned for his love affair with the Sommereiner Helene Kopper on the basis of the "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor" and sentenced to one year in prison. Heinrich Reindler was deported to the Litzmannstadt ghetto (Łódź, Poland) on October 23, 1941, and died in the winter of 1941/42 - presumably from cold and malnutrition.

After the end of the Second World War, Heinrich's nephews Wilhelm and Ludwig tried in vain for decades to obtain financial reparations. It was not until 2013 that their five children, including Steve Reindler, were awarded a small amount by a compensation fund for a part of the property that was in the public domain, and thus at least a little justice was done - late, but still.

Jewish Museum: New Director Feels “No Headwind”

ORF (online), July 20, 2022
German original: https://religion.orf.at/stories/3214183/

Barbara Staudinger has been director of Vienna's Jewish Museum since the beginning of July. She is therefore often asked about her religion. For her work, however, it "plays no role" that she is not Jewish. She is unperturbed by the appeal of some prominent individuals last year to refrain from changing museum directors: "I don't feel any headwind."

The fact that Danielle Spera's contract as director of the Jewish Museum might not be renewed had put several prominent figures on notice in 2021. In an open letter during the “hearing phase,” they spoke out in favor of Spera and against a new appointment. Among them were ex-Chancellor Brigitte Bierlein, then ORF Director General Alexander Wrabetz, then Festival President Helga Rabl-Stadler and artist Andre Heller.

"I am not a person who looks backwards, but looks forwards. I was warmly received by all the people who came to me," Staudinger said in an interview with the Ö1 religion magazine "Praxis" on Wednesday. She felt great joy, "a great desire for change.

"Spera has done many things very well"

Staudinger: "That doesn't mean that my predecessor did anything badly. On the contrary, she did many things very well. But culture thrives on change." And this joy of change, she says, was imparted to her by many people. "It gave me a lot of strength."

Of course, there are people who say to themselves, "Never change a winning team," but one can often experience in the city "that projects that may have met with rejection at first are then loved all the more afterwards," says the new director of the Jewish Museum.

"What if I were Jewish?"

A historian, theater scholar and Judaist by training, she is "often asked" if she is Jewish, which she then denies, she says. "I then sometimes answer with a counter-question: 'What would it add to my work if I were religious? If I were Jewish? What would be different then? What would I do differently then?'" says Staudinger in an interview with Ö1.

"It's not like I'm exhibiting myself. I think I've shown, through my studies, through my research, that I know what I'm talking about. It's not like I come to a museum, preside over it, and have no idea what is inside it." Staudinger, for example, was a curator at the Jewish Museum Munich and, among other things, part of the team redesigning the Austrian exhibition at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. As of 2018, she directed the Jewish Museum Augsburg.

Reaching “Other Minorities”

Staudinger has made it her mission to reach new target groups - "Vienna's urban society in all its diversity," says the director of the Jewish Museum. "I think I showed in Augsburg how you can have an effect with performances, with actions, with interventions in other museums, with many, many collaborations out in the urban space. And very importantly, how you can also have an impact in those districts where people live who may not be part of the Jewish Museum's core audience."

Staudinger stresses the importance of also "addressing other minorities in the city through issues raised by the Jewish Museum." After all, she says, these are issues that affect minorities other than Jewish minorities. "I want to focus specifically on these groups, on younger groups of visitors who have not gone to the Jewish Museum until now. That's where I think the Jewish Museum has some catching up to do."

Recipes against the crisis of museums

According to Staudinger, museums are slipping into a crisis or are already in one because people are increasingly asking themselves, "What does this have to do with me?" It's important to address current issues, she said, "issues and problems that we all face." That is the task of every museum, she said, and the Jewish Museum's task is to address and discuss these current issues from a Jewish perspective.

In the museum, Staudinger also wants to rely heavily on digital formats. A digital collection that is also accessible online and not only serves as a research tool or archive is "now a real core element of every museum.” Exciting online exhibitions are also to be developed "that don't depict what's on display in the building, but convey their own stories in very unique formats. That's very important to me."

52 Listening Stations with Stories of Escape

ORF (online), July 11, 2022

German original: https://vorarlberg.orf.at/stories/3163621/

Along the international border between Vorarlberg and Switzerland, 52 border stones have been set up on the bike route from Lake Constance to the Silvretta [Alps], marked with the names of refugees and escape helpers from the time of the Second World War. These border stones are also listening stations where the escape stories are told in many variations.

Thousands of refugees tried to reach the safety of Switzerland via Vorarlberg between March 1938 and May 1945: as early as the summer of 1938 Switzerland began sealing off the border. Escape helpers on both sides of the border could still assist some in escaping, but by that time there were only illegal routes to freedom.

Along bike route number one, from Bregenz to Partenen, and at selected locations in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, symbolic border stones mark 52 listening stations about these refugees' fates and invite passersby to engage with the history of the respective place via QR code, and to pause and take note of the surroundings.

The audio path project "Over the Border" by the Jewish Museum in Hohenems tells of odysseys across Europe and of local smugglers who become escape helpers, of lovers who break out of prison, of prisoners of war who get lost, of protesting schoolgirls and interrogations by the Gestapo, of adventures on birthdays, of dangerous routes across the Rhine and of the mountains-of human courage, persecution, arbitrary authority, and resistance.

The experiences of the refugees are reflected in personal letters, documents from the German and Swiss authorities, memories of contemporary witnesses and photographs of the scenes. From them, a picture of the contemporary events emerges from many perspectives that can now be heard, read, and seen. [This history can be experienced] along the route by bike between lake and mountains, on both sides of the Rhine, on both sides of a border that still today divides and connects simultaneously.

Everything Kosher in Vienna?

Der Standard (online), October 3, 2022

German original: https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000139637448/alles-koscher-in-wien

For many Jews, observing religious dietary laws is part of everyday life. An Introduction to the Jewish Holiday Yom Kippur

Whenever Veganista [a vegan Austrian ice cream chain] produces a new batch of Ice Cream Sandwiches - two ice cream-filled cookies - the rabbi comes by early at 5 a.m. Why? He turns on the oven - making sure the cookies are kosher.

"As a vegan, I was always an outsider," says Cecilia Havmöller, who founded Veganista with her sister. "We wanted to make ice cream for everyone. Ice cream that doesn't discriminate against anyone." Not even against the 8,000 or so Jews living in Vienna. Which is why all their ice cream parlors are kosher certified.

The dietary laws, called Kashrut, are a cornerstone of the Jewish faith. They describe which foods are "permitted, fit" – that’s what kosher is. The rules derive from the Torah and, roughly speaking, cover three aspects: Only meat from ruminant cloven-hoofed animals and marine animals with scales are kosher. A second point concerns the origin and production of the food: animals must be kept in a manner appropriate to the species and ritually slaughtered. Finally, in preparation, the main issue is the strict separation of dairy and meat. Mixing is prohibited.

Years to Kosher Certification

Plant-based foods such as fruits and vegetables are considered neutral. Those who eat a vegan diet have an inherently easier time living kosher - also because there must be a three- to six-hour break between the consumption of meat and milk, depending on tradition. This makes Veganista's vegan ice cream attractive: it is also suitable as a quick dessert after a meaty midday meal.

Although Veganista only processes neutral, plant-based foods, the kosher certification process is complex and sometimes long. It took them just under two years. Every ingredient had to be checked, producers contacted: Is the oat milk, the agave syrup kosher? Another requirement: No non-kosher product is allowed in the production rooms, and even the snacks the employees bring with them must comply with the dietary laws.

"That sounds strict," Havmöller says. "But for us it has become normal." The customers' delight, she says, is worth it. Just in time for the opening of the location in the Karmeliterviertel - center of the Jewish community - the longed-for certificate arrived. "We opened at noon, and at twelve sharp the rabbi came." Her eyes sparkle. "The kids were so happy!" Havmöller, who has been vegan since early adolescence, knows the feeling of being ostracized because of eating habits.

They are in close exchange with the rabbi. Sometimes the latter gets tips from the Jewish community, Havmöller says. "We often post new varieties on Instagram." So, it sometimes happens that the rabbi sends a text message at midnight asking whether the new creation is really kosher.

A Question of Milk and Egg

The inspection is the responsibility of the certifying rabbis, says Schlomo Hofmeister. He is the community rabbi of Vienna - and the man who cycles to Veganista early in the morning to turn on the oven. Besides him, there are four others in Vienna who perform certifications. Each is liable with his name, which is written - for all to see - on the certificate next to the entrance door.

"Kosher doesn't just mean looking: What's inside? But also, where was there possible cross-contamination in the processing?" If non-kosher substances are processed on a machine or surface, the surfaces must be extensively cleaned, according to Jewish law. "Certain plastics and porcelain cannot be made kosher at all," Hofmeister explains.

Jewish dietary rules are about hygiene, but also about ethics, about respect for creation. "You shall not cook the kid in its mother's milk," says Exodus 23:19. Not everything has an explanation. And some things are controversial even among Jewish scholars. Is it even permissible to consume milk and eggs today - the keyword being factory farming? "Since you can't examine everything, the rule is: more than 50 percent nullifies the rest." Meaning: I assume that the majority of animals are "healthy," that is, "kosher." It's debatable, Hofmeister says, whether these time-honored assumptions are still valid in light of today's commercial factory farming.

He estimates that at least half of the Jews living in Vienna eat kosher. The spontaneous snack during the lunch break, the sweet break at the bakery – it’s not so easy in this case. There are not too many Jewish restaurants. How many are there? Hofmeister reaches for a blue booklet: "Eight restaurants. Nine bakeries, pastry shops and coffee houses. Twelve ice cream parlors, eleven of them Veganistas. Three butchers, half a dozen caterers, and a few kosher kitchens in social institutions and schools."

Trust is Good, Verification is Better

To guarantee compliance with the guidelines, the certificates must be renewed regularly. And: the responsible rabbis drop by for unannounced visits. "Trust is good, inspection is good," Izhak Faiziev says and laughs. He runs the kosher restaurant Mea Shearim in the second district. The specialty on the menu: sushi and Asian food. "For the Jewish community, this didn't exist before." Their cuisine looks like any other, except that all the products used are guaranteed kosher. Some are marked with a “K.” For many processed products, however, kosher status is not obvious at first glance, which is why the rabbis in charge compile lists.

Dairy products are also forbidden in the kitchen of Mea Shearim, where steak and salmon are prepared. Since the two must be strictly separated, most restaurants specialize in either dairy or meat. Few establishments can afford two kitchens, two sets of cutlery and dishes, separate trays and napkins.

Unlike production facilities, which include Veganista, restaurants need a permanent supervisor to monitor compliance with dining laws. This Mashgiach oversees the cleaning of lettuce, vegetables and herbs, which must be washed several times to ensure that no animal ends up on the plate, inspects eggs for traces of blood and ensures that no fish ends up in the meat fryer.

The Mashgiach must be a religious Jew. Also, independent - meaning it must not be the owner - and, most importantly, trustworthy. "Why do the guests come? Because they know me personally as the owner, or the Mashgiach they trust," Faiziev says. The overseer not only inspects the procedures, he must also take over an "absolutely necessary step" in the cooking and baking process. The reason: after heating, it's hard to tell which source ingredients were used. So, the Mashgiach at Mea Shearim drops the schnitzel into the deep fryer, turns on the stove, puts the pot on the hot plate.

At Veganista, the permanent presence is not necessary. Only when cookies are baked does Schlomo Hofmeister have to come by. "The rabbi could also put the cookies in the oven," he says, grinning. "But turning the oven on is easier, which is why it's now standard worldwide."

Young Jewish Generation: "No one Should Remain Silent".

Kurier, January 27, 2023

German original: https://kurier.at/politik/ausland/junge-juedische-generation-niemand-soll-still-bleiben/400738344

Remembrance culture: How does the young Jewish generation deal with coming to terms with and commemorating the Holocaust?

by Sandra Lumetsberger

They are getting older, frailer and fewer: the survivors of the Holocaust. On Monday, 200 of them came to the commemoration ceremony at the concentration camp in Auschwitz-Birkenau, which Soviet soldiers liberated on January 27, 1945. The images, speeches of politicians are omnipresent on such days, usually accompanied by documentaries.

For Greta Zelener, all this triggers an oppressive feeling, her head starts to rattle: If she had lived back then, she would have been affected. What would she have done then? And why were others capable of such acts? Questions that occupy her on such days, until she manages to bring herself back to the present.

In it, the 30-year-old sits in a café in Berlin-Charlottenburg and talks about a slight surge of fear that she doesn't actually have to have. But the Holocaust still has an effect - to what extent depends very much on the respective family history - whether one belongs to those who were able to help liberate the camps as part of the Soviet army, for example, or whether one was interned in one. These perspectives shape one's self-image and are passed on. She knows from conversations that in many families there was silence, the trauma was too great. It was often only the grandchildren to whom the elders opened up.

Commitment to the culture of remembrance

Greta Zelener belongs to a young Jewish generation that speaks up, asks specific questions, and is committed to a culture of remembrance - in private or through research in films and books, but also wants to tell what being Jewish means today beyond that.

Discovering Jewishness

Yet she first had to learn this for herself. Her great-grandmother, who had once emigrated from Berlin to Ukraine, fled with her children to Uzbekistan, where she hid on a farm. She and two other siblings out of a total of eight survived. The other siblings or relatives, also living in Ukraine, stayed there and assumed that the Germans would not harm them - "they saw themselves as Germans, were culturally shaped there," Zelener says.

After World War II, her great-grandmother went back, but discarded anything religious she passed on: Yiddish songs or food. "Other than that, my parents hardly knew anything about Judaism." When they came to Berlin from Odessa in 1996, they sent their daughter to a Jewish school and left it open to her whether she wanted to live religiously or not. "I would often come home and tell them what we learned, such as about the holidays and what to do on Bat Mitzvah when their daughter is religiously of age at 12. I brought Judaism back to them that way. For my parents, it was like a gift, bringing back a piece of their identity," she says, laughing, adding that religion plays no role for her today.

"Meet a Jew"

She is currently writing her doctoral thesis on Jewish adult education, is involved in inter-religious dialogue, and visits schools ("Meet a Jew"). There, she tries to work out what she has in common with other religions, the diversity of Judaism, but has already had to do some basic educational work: she reports on students who were quite surprised to learn that she does not have a Jewish passport, but a German one.

When it comes to the culture of remembrance, there are also contentious debates in her generation. There are representatives who reject the attributions and impositions they experience as Jews - such as questions about the Holocaust, anti-Semitism or the Middle East conflict.

"But, then something like what happened in Halle happens".

Igor Matviyets, who studies political science and Russian studies in Halle, is familiar with such questions as "Where were your grandparents during World War II” or, “what, you don't celebrate Christmas?" He gets to hear them at university, when meeting new people, or at government offices. There, he says, for some he is the first Jew they have met so far. "As long as there's interest and curiosity behind it, it's not meant to be derogatory, I don't have a problem with it. Maybe people learn that they can ask some things differently. That's not how I celebrate Christmas, yet it's a holiday for me, too."

As much as these conversations annoy some people, which he can understand, it is clear to him that one often cannot avoid taking a stand. For example, after the far-right attack on a synagogue in Halle on October 9, 2019. The 28-year-old is not religious himself, but he felt the attack was one against himself and he wore a yarmulke the next day. "From history it shows that for the enemies of the Jews it is irrelevant whether you eat pork, are a policeman, a civil servant or in the armed forces, you remain, if it is comprehensible, a Jew."

What does Remembrance Day on January 27 mean to him? He says it is important that it exists, but at the same time he has the feeling that a ritualization is setting in: It's mostly speeches of the same kind, accompanied by a dedicated ensemble playing music - "all well and good," he says - but, "then something like what happened in Halle happens, and I wonder what the reminding and remembering actually does?"

More diversity instead of stereotypes

Moreover, stereotypes still circulate, which are also transported by the media. Most recently, he was annoyed by a history magazine published by Der Spiegel. On the cover: two Jews in traditional clothing from the 1920s with the title: "Jewish Life in Germany. The Unknown World Next Door." Matviyets: "Apart from serving clichés, it's just one of many variations on Jewish life," he says. "Enlightened Judaism has always been part of Germany." And just as then, there are many secular Jews today who live among non-Jewish people, work with them - after all, you can't tell by looking at people that they are Jewish. In Halle, he says, hardly anyone goes around with a kippah or a gown. Some might wear them under their hats. "That has nothing to do with a lack of feeling safe, it's just the way it is. Just like someone who wears a cross under his T-shirt or shirt rather than on the outside of his jacket," he says.

More education in schools

What Greta Zelener is particularly concerned about is that in a recent poll by the opinion research institute infratest dimap, 37 percent agreed with the statement that Germany should "draw a line" under dealing with the Nazi past. In 2018, the share of these respondents was 26 percent; in 2019, it was 33 percent. People with lower levels of education in particular were in favor.

Looking at this, she sees that there is still a lot of need in schools. There needs to be contact with Jews and visits to museums, which should be made more interactive. She is also convinced that everyone can do something. "No one should remain silent. It's up to all of us, no matter where, to address discrimination and anti-Semitism and intervene in extreme cases." She observes that some things are quickly shifted to politics. Of course, where it is needed, it must react with appropriate legislation. Anti-Semitic crimes must be punished in such a way that they act as a deterrent and make it clear that there are consequences.